Marions Salon

It´s hard not to be fascinated by questions like how the brains are working, how memories emerge and whether synapses can be intelligent? On the web, the idea of the wisdom of crowds or massively distributed systems are hardly new. <We> really seems to be better than <me>. But how should we deal with new ethics and behaviors?

Within the last days I came across two fascinating scientists: Eric Kandel and Volker Sommer. Thinking about how this can all be applied to the Semantic Web leads to hundreds of associations.

Since last week the Nobel laureate Eric Kandel has been staying in Vienna. Said to be the rockstar of brain research, Kandel is giving several talks and held a press conference ( derstandard.at, in German). The German director Petra Seeger made a documentary about the life and work of Eric Kandel which premiered on May 26, in Vienna. If you have the chance to see it, you shouldn´t miss the movie “Auf der Suche nach dem Gedächtnis” in the Wiener Votivkino.

What are memories? How are they generated? How do they work? The Los Angeles Times features a four-part article on “Chasing Memory“.

“It is because the neurons are not physically connected that communication between them is never certain. You never know whether a key is going to find a lock. This is thought to be why any cognitive activity, including memory, is approximate. Sometimes the connections are made; other times they are not. (…) The … hypothesis can be summarized by saying: After two neurons have successfully made contact once — that is, after the neurotransmitters have attached to receptors — the next time the original cell releases its neurotransmitters, there is a much greater chance the neighboring cell will receive them. There is a greater chance a key will find a lock.”

So – what´s the conclusion of this? What does it mean for the Semantic Web research? Collaboration? Social Semantic Web? One more aspect:

The lie in social networks.

Volker Sommer, Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology in the University of London, talks in an interview about the necessity of lying. His book Lob der Lüge. Täuschung und Selbstbetrug bei Tier und Mensch, which might be translated as “Praise of the Lie”, stresses the fact that one – whether man or animal – sometimes has no chance than lying in order to survive. As a matter of fact, apes have the ability to lie. Our world is so competitive that this behavior is a sine qua non. Deceptive body language, such as feints that mislead as to the intended direction of attack or flight, is observed in many species including wolves.

And what about semantics?

Ludwig Wittgenstein: Lying is a language game – it needs to be trained. Das Lügen ist ein Sprachspiel, das gelernt sein will, wie jedes andre. (Aus: Philosophische Untersuchungen, S. 249.)

What this means for social networks? As a fan of fantasy as such – I love the conception. As a working person I wonder what´s going to happen.

As always – very curious about future developments…

Marion.

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A conference at Freie Universität Berlinin the end of June was dedicated to “NOW AND THEN. Temporal Experience in Film, Literature and Philosophy” (Jetzt und dann. Zeiterfahrung in Film, Literatur und Philosophie) . This led me to thinking about time as such – especially concerning media and maybe blogs like this one.

What is news? What impact does news have on people? What about time? One of the most enigmatic aspects of experience concerns time. Since pre-Socratic times, scholars have speculated about the nature of time, asking questions such as: What is time? Where does it come from? Where does it go? What is its structure?

“In many respects aesthetic experience is bound to time: the time of reading, the rhythm of a filmic montage, the temporal construction of a story. Without such temporal markers as these, aesthetic experience would neither be comprehensible nor would it even be possible. Poetological and philosophical reflection on the temporal basis of aesthetic experience give shape to… questions as… addressing the subjectivity of temporal experience through aesthetic form… how temporality and causality leave their mark in experience… how to treat „actuality“ as an aesthetically significant topos of Modernity“ and more. [Source]

It was not astonishing to me that I found a book called Semantics and Experience: Universal Metaphors of Time in English, Mandarin, Hindi and Sesotho (Parallax: Re-visions of Culture and Society). The author Hoyt Alverson says that people everywhere experience time in fundamentally similar ways. Alverson begins by studying time expressions in collocations – stock phrases, idioms, aphorism, or other formulaic expressions.

Are there universal as well as culturally particular experiences and expressions of “time”? In “Semantics and Experience”, Alverson questions the widely held anthropological assumption that temporal expression and experience represent little more than local cultural constructions. Drawing on extensive data from four widely divergent languages and cultures – English, Mandarin, Hindi and Sesotho – he argues that people everywhere experience time in fundamentally similar ways. Alverson examines the metaphors that often compose these collocations and discovers that five basic, universal categories of temporal expression and experience appear in all four languages – despite the independence of these languages from one another and despite the differing conditions of belief, knowledge and institutional structure among their respective cultures. While metaphorically constituted collocations do reflect culturally particular features of ideology, Alverson concludes, they clearly reflect universals of “time” as well. “Semantics and Experience” offers linguistic analysis of time expressions in four radically different languages and cultures. It reveals not only how such expressions vary as a function of ideological and cultural differences but also how, despite these differences, they reveal a basic similarity that points to their origin in a pan-human approach to the construction and cognition of space. [Source]

The book which is currently out of print was written in 1994. Obsolete? Not at all, that I am confident of. The most significant metaphor of Semantics to my mind is understanding, comprehending, appreciating one another. This might sound wordly-innocent but I´m sure it´s the future of living together and should somehow relativize many concepts of ivory towers. There will always be differences, stakeholders, communities. This is essential and healthful. All the more it needs comprehension.
So what about Semantic Web? Where is the context here? Hoping to hear that from all of you – every now and then
Marion.

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